Between 2016-2023, Unitaid invested in a targeted set of programs to 1) provide critical evidence on the efficacy of optimal HIV treatment in African settings, 2) prepare LMICs for the adoption of optimal regimens through supply- and demand-side interventions, and 3) develop the conditions for scale-up. By taking a portfolio approach, Unitaid’s investment model draws on the strengths of a diverse set of organizations to maximize global impact. For example, the Unitaid-CHAI Optimal project resulted in major breakthroughs in the global adult and pediatric HIV markets. Highlighting data and insights from Unitaid’s cross-cutting investments in ART optimization, this session will bring together key clinical, implementation, community, and market-shaping players to examine what’s worked, what hasn’t, and debate the future of optimal HIV treatment in LMICs.